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American Psychological Association (APA) style is the most common citation style used at St. Andrews. As a general rule, use APA style in Psychology, Education, Health Sciences, Business, and other social sciences. The APA style rules were created by the American Psychological Association to provide standards for scientific communication and are widely used by many disciplines. The latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the 7th Edition (2019). You can find the print copy near the library service desk.
Remember that most Library Databases will format your citations for you! Look for a tool or icon that says 'Cite'. The Formatting Citations page shows you where to find this tool on library search platforms.
In-text Citation:
(Mims, 2021)
OR
Mims (2021)
Reference Entry:
Mims, C. (2021). Arriving today: From factory to front door -- why everything has changed about how and what we buy. Harper Business.
In-text Citation:
(Grady et al., 2019)
OR
Grady et al. (2019)
Reference Entry:
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
In-Text Citation:
(Bologna, 2019)
OR
Bologna (2019)
Reference Entry:
Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
In-text citation:
(Asian Boss, 2020)
OR
Asian Boss (2020)
Reference entry:
Asian Boss. (2020, June 5). World’s leading vaccine expert fact-checks COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy: Stay curious #22 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA
In-text citation:
(OpenAI, 2023)
OR
OpenAI (2023)
Reference entry:
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (version 3.5) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
Both of these books at available at DeTamble Library, in print and online.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by 
Concise Guide to APA Style by